LAD #25: President Wilson's 14 Points
The Fourteen Points were listed in a speech delivered by President Woodrow Wilson of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress on January 8, 1918. The underlying principles of Wilson's 14 points were
1. Self determination of peoples.
2. Arms reduction.
3. Non punishment.
4. Formation of the League of Nations.
5. Freedom of the Seas.
6. No secret treaties.
7. Free and open trade.
He concluded his speech with the quote, The moral climax of this the culminating and final war for human liberty has come, and they are ready to put their own strength, their own highest purpose, their own integrity and devotion to the test."
Monday, February 12, 2007
Tuesday, February 06, 2007
LAD #24: The Clayton Anti-Trust Act
The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 was enacted to remedy deficiencies in antitrust law created under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices harmful to consumers (monopolies and anti-competitive agreements). Passed during the Wilson administration, the legislation was introduced by Alabama Democrat Henry De Lamar Clayton. The Clayton Act prohibits: (1)price discrimination between different purchasers if such discrimination substantially lessens competition or tends to create a monopoly in any line of commerce, (2)sales on the condition that (A) the buyer or lessee not deal with the competitors of the seller or lessor("exclusive dealings"), or that the buyer also purchase another different product, but only when these acts substantially lessen competition effect may substantially lessen competition,(3) mergers and acquisitions where the effect may substantially lessen competition,(4)any person from being a director of two or more competing corporations. Section 6 of the Act exempts labor unions and agricultural organizations. Therefore, boycotts, peaceful strikes, and peaceful picketing are not regulated by this statute.
The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 was enacted to remedy deficiencies in antitrust law created under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices harmful to consumers (monopolies and anti-competitive agreements). Passed during the Wilson administration, the legislation was introduced by Alabama Democrat Henry De Lamar Clayton. The Clayton Act prohibits: (1)price discrimination between different purchasers if such discrimination substantially lessens competition or tends to create a monopoly in any line of commerce, (2)sales on the condition that (A) the buyer or lessee not deal with the competitors of the seller or lessor("exclusive dealings"), or that the buyer also purchase another different product, but only when these acts substantially lessen competition effect may substantially lessen competition,(3) mergers and acquisitions where the effect may substantially lessen competition,(4)any person from being a director of two or more competing corporations. Section 6 of the Act exempts labor unions and agricultural organizations. Therefore, boycotts, peaceful strikes, and peaceful picketing are not regulated by this statute.
LAD #23: Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
The act starts off with an alarming statistic: "The 1900 census revealed that approximately 2 million children were working in mills, mines, fields, factories, stores, and on city streets across the United States." This census sparked a national crusade against child-labor, as it should have. The conditions for the children working were dangerous and unsanitary, but children were seen as a cheap resource for labor, and they were small, so their tiny fingers and bodies could be used for tasks that adults themselves could not do because of their size. The first child labor bill, the Keating-Owen bill of 1916, was based on Senator Albert J. Beveridge's proposal from 1906 and used the government's ability to regulate interstate commerce to regulate child labor. The act banned the sale of products from any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of 14, from any mine that employed children under the age of 16, and from any facility that had children under the age of 16 work at night or for more than 8 hours during the day.
The act starts off with an alarming statistic: "The 1900 census revealed that approximately 2 million children were working in mills, mines, fields, factories, stores, and on city streets across the United States." This census sparked a national crusade against child-labor, as it should have. The conditions for the children working were dangerous and unsanitary, but children were seen as a cheap resource for labor, and they were small, so their tiny fingers and bodies could be used for tasks that adults themselves could not do because of their size. The first child labor bill, the Keating-Owen bill of 1916, was based on Senator Albert J. Beveridge's proposal from 1906 and used the government's ability to regulate interstate commerce to regulate child labor. The act banned the sale of products from any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of 14, from any mine that employed children under the age of 16, and from any facility that had children under the age of 16 work at night or for more than 8 hours during the day.
LAD #22: Wilson's First Inaugural
Woodrow Wilson begins his first inaugural address with stating how the government had recently changed from within. The House of Representatives changed to Democratic by a decisive majority, and Senate was also about to change, as well. He speaks about how the major positions in politics were then being controlled by Democrats, and this address was going to answer questions about that. He says that we, as a country, have built a great government that has passed the test of time. He then concedes, and states how with the great wealth and excess, there is inexcusable waste. The "fine gold has been corroded." He states, "We shall restore, not destroy. We shall deal with our economic system as it is and as it may be modified, not as it might be if we had a clean sheet of paper to write upon..." At the end of his address, he calls for the patriotic people of the country to give their trust to him, and to support him because the country has been successful in the past, and there is no reason why it shouldn't be in the future. As he said, "This is not a day of triumph; it is a day of dedication."
Woodrow Wilson begins his first inaugural address with stating how the government had recently changed from within. The House of Representatives changed to Democratic by a decisive majority, and Senate was also about to change, as well. He speaks about how the major positions in politics were then being controlled by Democrats, and this address was going to answer questions about that. He says that we, as a country, have built a great government that has passed the test of time. He then concedes, and states how with the great wealth and excess, there is inexcusable waste. The "fine gold has been corroded." He states, "We shall restore, not destroy. We shall deal with our economic system as it is and as it may be modified, not as it might be if we had a clean sheet of paper to write upon..." At the end of his address, he calls for the patriotic people of the country to give their trust to him, and to support him because the country has been successful in the past, and there is no reason why it shouldn't be in the future. As he said, "This is not a day of triumph; it is a day of dedication."
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